We are a small backyard barn, full of great horses, and people alike. We are all family here, at a low drama stable. Love for horses is the main idea. Middle Island Creek is a river, 77 miles (124 km) long, in northwestern West Virginia in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ohio River, draining an area of 565 square miles (1,463 km²) on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.

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Middle Island is a small island, just 18.5 hectares (46 acres) in area.^[1] It is the southernmost point of land in Canada, located at 41°41'N, 82°41'W (41.685,-82.684), or about 41.7 degrees north latitude. It lies in Lake Erie, just south of Pelee Island, and is part of Point Pelee National Park. It forms part of the province of Ontario. The southernmost part of the island lies some 150 metres (164 yards) from the U.S. maritime boundary. The distance to the northernmost point of land in Canada—Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island—is 4,640 kilometres (2,883 miles).

The southernmost point of Middle Island is at a latitude of North 41°40'53', which is at a slightly lower latitude than the southernmost point in Michigan and slightly farther south than downtown Chicago. Twenty-seven U.S. states lie fully or partly north of this point, as do European cities such as Rome and Barcelona and Asian cities such as Sapporo. Thirteen states are entirely north of this latitude (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine).^[2] California, Nevada, and Utah, albeit only their northernmost edge, are amongst the states that lie partially north of Middle Island, as their northern border is at the 42nd parallel north.

Background[edit]

There are no permanent settlements on Middle Island, as the entire island is a conservation area. The most common species are double-crested cormorants, though several others also nest there. The birds are so plentiful that in May 2008, Parks Canada attempted to cull the number of cormorants from more than 4,000 nests to between 400 and 800.^[3] It once was the site of a lighthouse, built in 1872 but which fell into disuse by 1918.

West Dating In Middle Islands

The 15-metre (49 ft) pyramidal square tower burned sometime afterward, but its stone foundation is visible. Located in Canadian waters, and hence indisputably under Canadian sovereignty, the island was privately owned for years by various U.S. owners. Subsequently, Middle Island was purchased in 1999 by the Nature Conservancy of Canada, and then donated to the Canadian national park system on September 6, 2000.

Archaeological evidence from a study done in 1982 suggests human occupation dating from 1000 to 1500 A.D., with one site containing remains that may date to 500 B.C. Others claim that the island has seen inhabitation for more than 10,000 years.^[4] Despite early rumours of burial mounds, none were found.

The island is part of an archipelago across western Lake Erie, providing a natural migratory corridor for birds and other animals. It has also seen human migrations, mainly from the U.S. northward in the 19th century, including escaped slaves, prisoners of war and army deserters from the U.S. Civil War seeking asylum in mainland Ontario.

Throughout the later decades of the 19th century, parts of Middle Island were used for growing grapes to be used in the production of wine, as was being done on Pelee Island.^[4]

During Prohibition, the island was a way station for alcohol en route to the United States on the south shore of Lake Erie. Gangster Joe Roscoe acquired part of the island and built a seven-bedroom 'clubhouse' that became the centre of rum-running activity. The hotel offered electricity, fireplaces, and a large screened-in porch with views of the lake. The basement held a casino, carved out of solid bedrock.^[5]

In the years after 1933, after the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution resulted in the repeal of the Volstead Act, the hotel drew as many as 200 visitors a day in peak season. Its kitchen became known for pheasant dinners.^[5]

Likely prior to the 1950s,^[5] there was an airstrip of about 275 metres (900 feet) in length. The runway began and ended in water, and is now choked with vegetation.^[5]

There was at one time a stately mansion on the island, rumoured to be a brothel some time after Prohibition.^[5] Only a remnant of the foundation remains.

When purchased in 1999 by the Nature Conservancy of Canada, the island had no physical improvements and had essentially become a nature preserve over the last ten years, hosting the occasional scientific visit, and curious boaters. Although part of Point Pelee National Park, Middle Island is not officially open to visitors.

Interest in preserving the island prompted a 1982 study by Parks Canada, which recommended naming it a national natural landmark. Its ecological, historical, and aesthetic value led Essex County to include it on its list of Environmentally Sensitive Areas and an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest. A conservation group, Carolinian Canada Coalition, named Middle Island one of 38 critical unprotected sites in its effort to preserve remnants of Ontario's southern forests.

References[edit]

1. ^'Middle Island Point Pelee National Park of Canada'. News Release. Archived from the original(Web Page) on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
2. ^'27 U.S. States North of Canada -- Map'. barelybad.com.
3. ^'Cormorants'. earthroots.org. Earthroots.
4. ^ ^ab'Pelee Island & Middle Island: How We Got to the Present Millennium'. Virtual Museum of Canada - Musée virtuel du Canada. Windsor Public Library. 2002. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006.
5. ^ ^abcde'TymstraY. Robert, 'Seasons: The Environment and Nature Magazine' (Autumn 1992)'. Middlebass2.org. 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2013-11-26.

External links[edit]

Middle Island Creek is a river, 77 miles (124 km) long, in northwestern West Virginia in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ohio River, draining an area of 565 square miles (1,463 km²) on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. It was named by late 18th century pioneering travelers on the Ohio River, who noted the location of the Creek's mouth opposite Middle Island in the larger river.^[3]

In an artifact of nomenclature, it is often pointed out that Middle Island Creek is the longest stream in West Virginia bearing the name of 'creek'.^[5]

Geography[edit]

Course[edit]

Middle Island Creek is formed at the community of Smithburg in Doddridge County by the confluence of Meathouse Fork and Buckeye Creek. It initially flows generally northwestward in a winding course through Doddridge and Tyler Counties, through the unincorporated community of Avondale and the town of West Union in Doddridge County; and in Tyler County, the unincorporated communities of Josephs Mills, Tyler, Blue, Frew, and Bridgeway, and the town of Middlebourne. From Middlebourne the creek turns to the southwest and flows roughly parallel to the Ohio River (excepting its numerous bends), through the unincorporated communities of Next, Little, Shiloh, and Falls Mills in Tyler County; and into Pleasants County, where it flows through the unincorporated communities of Arvilla, Sugar Valley, Union Mills, and DeLong and joins the Ohio River in the city of St. Marys.^[6] The lowermost 12 square miles (31 km²) of the creek are inundated by backup from the Willow Island Locks and Dam downstream on the Ohio River.^[3]

In addition to the Meathouse Fork and Buckeye Creek, the largest tributaries of Middle Island Creek (ordered upstream to downstream) are Arnold Creek, which it collects on the boundary of Doddridge and Tyler counties; McElroy Creek, Indian Creek, Point Pleasant Creek, and Sancho Creek, each of which it collects in Tyler County; and Sugar Creek and McKim Creek, both of which it collects in Pleasants County.^[6][7]

The Jug[edit]

Middle Island Creek's most extreme meander forms a peninsula known as 'the Jug,' located upstream of Middlebourne. The creek rounds a 7-mile (11 km) bend^[3] only to return to within 100 feet (30 m) of itself. Sometime prior to 1800, a settler named George Gregg had a mill race carved across the narrow point of the peninsula and harnessed the resulting hydropower for a gristmill and sawmill. These were destroyed by a flood in 1852, while later mills were subsequently built and also washed away by floods. In 1947 the West Virginia Conservation Commission constructed a low water bridge which substantially dammed the cut-through and restored a steady flow to the bend of the creek.^[5] The land encircled by the creek's loop is operated as a Wildlife Management Area by the state of West Virginia.^[8]

Variant names[edit]

According to sources gathered by the Geographic Names Information System, Middle Island Creek has also been known historically as:^[1]

• Be-Van-Soss Creek of the Indians
• Be-van-Soss Creek of the Indians
• Be-van-soss
• Be-yan-soss
• Bulls Creek
• By-En-Soss Creek
• By-en-Soss Creek
• By-en-soss
• Louisa River

Economy[edit]

The creek's environs were the site of substantial oil and gas extraction activities in the late 19th century and 20th century. An oil boom began in the region in the 1860s.^[9] It peaked in Middlebourne in the 1890s,^[10] and an oil refinery operated in St. Marys between 1914 and 1987.^[9] Glass- and carbon-manufacturing facilities were built in West Union and Smithburg in the early 20th century, owing to the availability of natural gas.^[11]

Fish life[edit]

West Dating In Middle Island Lake

Throughout its course Middle Island Creek is a slow-moving, low-gradient stream. It is considered one of the best streams in the state for muskellungefishing; for many years in the 20th Century the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources harvested muskie eggs from the creek for use in its fish-stocking programs in streams elsewhere in the state. Other fish commonly found in the creek include spotted bass, smallmouth bass, rock bass, various species of sunfish, freshwater drum, channel catfish, and flathead catfish.^[3]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

West Dating In Middle Island

1. ^ ^abcd'Geographic Names Information System entry for Middle Island Creek'. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
2. ^'Geographic Names Information System entry for Meathouse Fork'. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
3. ^ ^abcdeMorrison, Scott (March 1997). 'Middle Island Creek'. Wonderful West Virginia. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. 61 (1): 14–15.
4. ^West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection. 'Watershed Atlas Project'. pp. Middle Ohio River watersheds (cited figures are for the sum of the Upper and Lower Middle Island Creek, Arnold Creek, McElroy Creek, and Point Pleasant Creek watersheds). Archived from the original on 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
5. ^ ^abRatliff, Gerald S. 'Jug of Middle Island Creek.' The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Ken Sullivan, editor. Charleston, WV: West Virginia Humanities Council. 2006. ISBN0-9778498-0-5.
6. ^ ^abDeLorme (1997). West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. ISBN0-89933-246-3.
7. ^The National MapArchived 2012-04-05 at WebCite, accessed 2013-08-10
8. ^West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. 'West Virginia Wildlife Management Areas'. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
9. ^ ^abBailey, Matthew Scott. 'St. Marys.' The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Ken Sullivan, editor. Charleston, WV: West Virginia Humanities Council. 2006. ISBN0-9778498-0-5.
10. ^Kraina, Jane. 'Middlebourne.' The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Ken Sullivan, editor. Charleston, WV: West Virginia Humanities Council. 2006. ISBN0-9778498-0-5.
11. ^Kreiser, Christine M. 'Doddridge County.' The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Ken Sullivan, editor. Charleston, WV: West Virginia Humanities Council. 2006. ISBN0-9778498-0-5.